The initial raw material of textiles is fiber. Textile fibers are soft, elastic, strong, resistant to friction and tensile. Cotton, flax, jute, ramie and other plant fibers, wool, camel down, cashmere, rabbit hair, silk are animal fibers. Chemical cellulose fibers and protein fibers are man-made fibers, and polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, and acetate fibers are all synthetic fibers. Weaving and knitting are the two main components of textiles. Woven fabrics are divided into five categories: cotton, woolen, linen, silk, and chemical fiber. Five categories including knitted chemical fiber fabrics.
The identification of textile fibers usually includes sensory identification method, combustion method, microscope observation method and chemical dissolution method. It often takes several different methods to observe and test to reach the correct conclusion.
The sensory identification method is to identify fibers and fabrics by hand touch and visual observation. Touch by hand is to identify the softness, elasticity and wrinkle of the fabric; it looks at the gloss, thickness, length, and bending shape of the fiber or fabric.
The characteristics of various fabric fibers are as follows:
Cotton: The fiber has natural curl, the fiber is thin and short, the length can reach about 38mm, the elasticity is poor, the feel is soft, and the gloss is dull.
Wool: The fiber is thick and long, in a curled state, with good elasticity, luster, and a warm feel. The fabric is not easy to wrinkle when rubbing, and the feel is smooth and straight.
Wool usually refers to the curly hair of sheep and the straight hair of goats.
Cashmere: refers to the bottom cashmere on goatskin. Compared with wool, cashmere feels softer, smoother and more delicate.
Silk: Silk is longer and thinner than other fibers, with good strength, soft and smooth feel (tussah silk is slightly thicker than mulberry silk), and it feels cold to the touch. It cuts the silk in a dry and wet state. There is no obvious difference in force.
Hemp: The fiber is slender, strong, rough in texture, lacks elasticity and gloss, and its fabric feels rough and hard, with a cold feeling.
Man-made fiber: The fiber has low strength, is easy to break after wetting, and has poor elasticity. The broken end is in the form of scattered cilia. After holding the fabric tightly in your hand, it quickly relaxes, and its wrinkles are more and more obvious.
Nylon: high fiber strength, large recovery elongation, not easy to break, fabric elasticity is better than rayon and silk, rough feel.
Polyester: The fabric is elastic, non-folding and wrinkling, and feels smooth.
Acrylic fiber: The fabric has good bulkiness, soft feel and wool feel, but the color is not soft, the feel is dry, and the elasticity is low.
Vinylon: The fabric has poor elasticity, is easy to fold and wrinkle, has a hard feel, and is not bright in color.